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CHIR-99021 HCl (Laduviglusib; CT99021) exhibits >500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 over closely related kinases. CHIR-99021 also displays >800-fold selectivity against 45 additional enzymes and receptors. CHIR-99021 (3 μM) increases free cytosolic β-catenin by 1.9-fold, mimicking the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. CHIR-99021 promotes primary beta cell replication in isolated rat islets at concentrations as low as 1 μM, with 2-3 fold increase of cell replication at 5 μM of CHIR-99021 treatment. Oral administration of CHIR-99021 at 16 or 48 mg/kg 1 hour before oral glucose challenges in ZDF rats significantly improves glucose tolerance with 14% and 33% reduction in plasma glucose at 16 mg/kg and 48 mg/kg, respectively, and the higher dose of CHIR-99021 also reduces hyperglycemia before the oral glucose challenge.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 28; .
Plumbagin inhibits CYP2J/EETs metabolic pathway and leads to heart injury in cardiac organoids and rats
CHIR-99021 HCl purchased from AbMole
Cell. 2024 Dec 26;187(26):7374-7393.e28.
Decoding transcriptional identity in developing human sensory neurons and organoid modeling
CHIR-99021 HCl purchased from AbMole
Nature. 2022 Jul;607(7917):149-155.
Deciphering the immunopeptidome in vivo reveals new tumour antigens
CHIR-99021 HCl purchased from AbMole
Nat Commun. 2022 Oct 20;13(1):6230.
Acute deletion of TET enzymes results in aneuploidy in mouse embryonic stem cells through decreased expression of Khdc3
CHIR-99021 HCl purchased from AbMole
Mol Biol Cell. 2022 Jul 1;33(8):mbcP22031008.
Deciphering the tumor-specific immunopeptidome in vivo with genetically engineered mouse models
CHIR-99021 HCl purchased from AbMole
2020 Sep.
Developing a model to assess the contribution of cytokeratin 19-expressing cells during multipotent stromal cell-induced islet regeneration
CHIR-99021 HCl purchased from AbMole
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Source | Sci Rep (2015). Figure 3. CHIR-99021 |
| Method | qPCR | |
| Cell Lines | J1 mESCs and F9 mEC cells | |
| Concentrations | 3 μM | |
| Incubation Time | 24 h | |
| Results | By contrast, all of the ESCC miRNAs were downregulated by CHIR (Fig. 3a–e). The miR-200b-429 and miR-183-182 clusters, which are highly expressed in pluripotent cells, were downregulated by both BIO and CHIR (Fig. 3f, 3g). |
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Source | Sci Rep (2015). Figure 1. CHIR-99021 |
| Method | immunofluorescence staining | |
| Cell Lines | J1 mESCs and F9 mEC cells | |
| Concentrations | 3 μM | |
| Incubation Time | 24 h | |
| Results | The relativemRNA expression level of Nanog was determined in response to BIO or CHIR in J1mESCs and F9mEC cells by qPCR. As expected, transcription of Nanog in J1 mESCs and F9 mEC cells was upregulated by both BIO and CHIR |
| Cell Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Cell lines | CHO-IR cells |
| Preparation method | GS activity assays. CHO-IR cells expressing human insulin receptor, (provided by Hans Bos) were grown to 80% confluence in Hamm’s F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and without hypoxanthine (34). Trypsinized cells were seeded in 6-well plates at 1 × 106 cells/well in 2 ml of medium without fetal bovine serum. After 24 h, medium was replaced with 1 ml of serum-free medium containing GSK-3 inhibitor or control (final DMSO concentration <0.1%) for 30 min at 37°C. Cells were lysed by freeze/thaw in 50 mmol/l tris (pH 7.8) containing 1 mmol/l EDTA, 1 mmol/l DTT, 100 mmol/l NaF, 1 mmol/l phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and 25 μg/ml leupeptin (buffer A) and centrifuged 15 min at 4°C/14000g. The activity ratio of GS was calculated as the GS activity in the absence of glucose-6-phosphate divided by the activity in the presence of 5 mmol/l glucose-6-phosphate, using the filter paper assay of Thomas et al. |
| Concentrations | 0~500nM |
| Incubation time | 30min |
| Animal Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Animal models | fasting ZDF rats |
| Formulation | 20 mmol/l citrate-buffered 15% Captisol or suspensions in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose |
| Dosages | 30 mg/kg |
| Administration | oral gavage |
| Molecular Weight | 501.8 |
| Formula | C22H18Cl2N8.HCl |
| CAS Number | 1797989-42-4 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 35 mg/mL Water 6 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Related GSK-3 Products |
|---|
| CHIR-99021
CHIR-99021 (CT99021) is an aminopyrimidine derivative that inhibits GSK3α and GSK3β with IC50 values of 10 and 6.7 nM, respectively. |
| SB 216763
SB 216763 is a potent and selective, cell permeable glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 34 nM for GSK-3α. |
| AZD2858
AZD2858 is a potent, orally bioactive inhibitor of GSK-3 with an IC50 of 68 nM. |
| Indirubin
Indirubin is a potent cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of ~75 nM and 0.19 μM. |
| TWS119
TWS119 is a GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of 30 nM. |
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